01 - Preheat the oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or lightly grease with cooking spray.
02 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, salt, and caraway seeds until thoroughly blended.
03 - In a separate medium bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, melted butter, and egg until smooth and uniform.
04 - Pour the wet mixture into the dry ingredients. Gently fold with a spatula until just combined—stop as soon as the flour disappears. Do not overmix.
05 - Gently fold the raisins or currants into the batter until evenly distributed.
06 - Divide the batter evenly among the prepared muffin cups, filling each approximately three-quarters full.
07 - Bake for 18 to 20 minutes, until the tops are golden and a toothpick inserted into the center of a muffin comes out clean.
08 - Let the muffins cool in the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely before serving.